A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• depth. The incident angle is θ. In our work, the numerical simulations have been performed by using a commercial software of Lumerical FDTD solutions, which is based on the finite-difference time-domain method, and the light source we used for exciting the grating coupler is a Gaussian laser beam. The

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• are calculated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method [21], as described in [8][12][22]. We used the following junction parameters: Ic = 2.5 mA, normal resistance Rn = 0.1 Ω, and McCumber parameter β = 2. These parameters are consistent with experimental data for Nb/NbSi/Nb junctions

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• . Opt. Express 2018, 26, 33245), we managed to find analytical and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) values for the, experimentally achievable, geometrical parameters of a hybrid plano-concave microcavity that enhances the spontaneous emission (i.e., Purcell enhancement) of color centers in two

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• on ITO glass. The inset shows the TEM image of AuNP with a particle size of 20 nm. (c) The electromagnetic field distribution around AuNP with 20 nm diameter simulated by finite-difference time-domain modelling. Figure 6a–c was adapted from [51] (© 2018 J. Feng et al., distributed under the terms of

The patterning toolbox FIB-o-mat: Exploiting the full potential of focused helium ions for nanofabrication

• Victor Deinhart,
• Lisa-Marie Kern,
• Jan N. Kirchhof,
• Sabrina Juergensen,
• Joris Sturm,
• Enno Krauss,
• Thorsten Feichtner,
• Sviatoslav Kovalchuk,
• Michael Schneider,
• Dieter Engel,
• Bastian Pfau,
• Bert Hecht,
• Kirill I. Bolotin,
• Stephanie Reich and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 304–318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.25

• round. Each monomer acts as a small dipole in our measurement configuration and its response is not very sensitive to its actual shape as long as surface roughness does not increase the scattering losses. Finite-difference time-domain modeling taking into account the slightly varying geometries led to

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• (the typical medium in our experiments) for various waveguide thicknesses using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with Lumerical’s FDTD solutions [10]. We choose a waveguide width wexc of 1 μm, which is the minimum width for the contact lithography we use. We aim for single-mode

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• the influence of Ag loading position and deposition thickness on the photocatalytic reaction, we used a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation to study the electromagnetic field distribution of Ag-loaded TiO2 arrays with different structures. Figure 8 shows the simulation of the electric

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• the nanostructures are calculated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. For calculations a novel approach based on modelling the whole sample with a realistic shape of the nanoparticles, instead of full spheres, was used. This led to a very good agreement with the experiment. Keywords

• : dewetting; finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; plasmon resonance; silver (Ag) nanostructures; thin films; UV–vis absorption; Introduction In the last decade there has been significant development in sensor-related research regarding the application in optical, medical or biological areas [1][2][3

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• are out of the PBG region. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations carried out for this configuration of the PBG structure predicted a PBG edge location at ca. 1530 nm, so a deviation of only about 20 nm was observed for the actual fabricated structure, i.e., ca. 1530 nm instead of ca. 1550

• (i.e., ca. 10 points per period of the PBG structure). The whole system (photonic chip, input fiber and SNOM tip) can be previsualized with an optical microscope used to obtain a proper alignment of the input fiber as well as an accurate positioning of the SNOM probe. Finite-Difference time-domain

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• violet (CV) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10−11 M. The 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulation results suggest that the simulated electromagnetic field enhancement of Ag-G.b.-20 is close to the experimental value. Meanwhile, the Ag-G.b.-20 nanohybrids exhibited good stability and

• nanofilms on the G.b. template, we also studied the electromagnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the Ag-G.b.-20 plasmonic nanostructures using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. Considering that Ag can be described by the Debye–Drude model, the Yee cell in our calculation was

• effect, the Raman signal intensities increase sharply as the probe molecule concentrations increase. In additon, Qin et al. [34] showed that in the high-concentration region (10−5 M to 10−3 M), the linear relationships were piecewise due to multilayer adsorption. EF calculation and 3D finite-difference

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• used the GNRs to enhance the PL intensity of the CdSe/ZnS QDs. The PL from GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles is approximately four times more than that from CdSe/ZnS QDs. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were also conducted to understand the plasmon coupling effect on PL enhancement

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• simulated in the following using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method (Lumerical). Figure 5 shows the light-intensity distributions around gold nanoparticles modeling different stages of excitation from initial gold nanoparticles towards the formation of ENZ plasma around them. The absorption

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• . This sample was subsequently chosen for theoretical calculations. Simulations of electromagnetic field propagation through the produced samples were performed using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. The calculated absorbance, as a result of the FDTD simulation shows a quite good

• agreement with experimental data obtained in the UV–vis range. Keywords: Au plasmonic platforms; dewetting; eutectic; finite-difference time domain (FDTD); Introduction The evolution of metal thin films into nanostructures under various thermal conditions has been repeatedly studied for many years

• distributions, which could be helpful in identifying some structures in the investigated system (so called hot spots), responsible for light enhancement at some frequencies. This can be achieved by using numerical simulations. The method often used for this type of calculation is the finite-difference time

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• emitting diode (LED) and a nanowire photodetector connected with a waveguide is proposed. The light coupling efficiency from the LED to the detector is optimized as a function of the geometrical parameters of the system using the finite difference time domain simulation tool Lumerical. Starting from a

• typical NW dimensions and fabrication procedures. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the light propagation between a NW emitter and a detector coupled with a SiNx waveguide. Using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, we propose an optimized waveguide design, for which 65.5% of the

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• -electrochemical system. The tapering angle of the silicon nanowires as well as the excitation wavelength are used to control the location of the hot spots together with the deposition sites of the platinum catalyst. A combination of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations with scanning electron

• (Pt(0)). The position of the Pt deposition can be controlled by adjusting the tapering angle or the incident wavelength. The platinum photodeposition results are observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with the output of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of the

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• parameters of plasmonic metal nanostructures such as particle size, work function, surface facet and plasmonic band is a challenging task that demands numerical simulation. It is known that the photocatalysis performance is affected by the noble metal particle size and thus finite difference time domain

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• -like (cylindrical) Au nanoparticles in various media in order to model their extinction spectra. On this basis, we employed Lumerical Solutions software based on solving Maxwell’s equations with the finite-difference time-domain numerical technique. The simulations were carried out for a linearly

• software package (Ocean Optics). Pure solvent absorption spectra were used for comparison. Simulation of the optical properties was performed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical techniques for Maxwell’s equations solution. Commercially available software FDTD Solutions (Lumerical

Design of photonic microcavities in hexagonal boron nitride

• Sejeong Kim,
• Milos Toth and
• Igor Aharonovich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 102–108, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.12

• commercial finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) software package (Lumerical Inc.). The 3D FDTD simulation domain for 2D (1D) photonic crystal was 7 μm × 7 μm × 1.2 μm (11 μm × 2 μm × 2 μm) which is discretised using uniform spatial and temporal grids of 15 nm and 0.03 fs. Birefringence of hBN is accounted

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• useful new platform for chemical/spectroscopic sensing. Keywords: finite-difference time-domain; nanoimprint soft lithography; plasmonics; surface plasmon resonance; Introduction Studies of surface plasmons have attracted significant attention due to the diverse range of applications and processes in

• response from exemplary PCs was acquired by 0th-order transmission measurements. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations were performed to assist in characterizing how each system behaved in order to understand and obtain an optimized device form factor. The data illustrate that Ag/Au bimetallic

• microscope (Bruker Optics) with an excitation laser wavelength of 785 nm, an excitation power of ≈5 mW, focal length of 45 mm and acquisition time of 30 s. Raman spectra were collected over a Raman shift range of 500–1800 cm−1. Finite-difference time-domain simulation of plasmonic nanostructures A set of 3D

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• information about the reflection, transmission, absorption of the material as well as the complex optical indices, n and k. Finite difference time domain simulations of nanoparticles in thin film layers allow the visualization of the nanoparticle interactions or the electric field enhancement on and around

• centrifugation steps. Furthermore, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that the maximum electric field enhancement (Figure 1c) for p- and s-polarized light does not occur at the same wavelength. For a single nanoprism (50 nm edge size and 10 nm thickness) in water, the maximum electric field

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• describe the roughness of scattering objects include the finite element method (FEM) [29], the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method [30], the coupled wave method (CWM) [31], the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) [32][33], for which the meshing of the rough surface may be critical for computation

Computing the T-matrix of a scattering object with multiple plane wave illuminations

• Martin Fruhnert,
• Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton,
• Vassilios Yannopapas and
• Carsten Rockstuhl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 614–626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.66

• scenarios. They all rely on the numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations while considering a given distribution of material in space. Examples for such numerical routines are finite element solvers [11][12][13], finite-difference time-domain methods [14][15][16], discrete dipole approximation [17][18], or

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with the Lumerical software for predicting the enhancement of the optical nonlinearity by the microspheres. The refractive index of the environment (water) was set at 1.33, while the refractive index of the silica microsphere was set at 1.51. It is

Exploring plasmonic coupling in hole-cap arrays

• Thomas M. Schmidt,
• Maj Frederiksen,
• Vladimir Bochenkov and
• Duncan S. Sutherland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.1

• The plasmonic coupling between gold caps and holes in thin films was investigated experimentally and through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations. Sparse colloidal lithography combined with a novel thermal treatment was used to control the vertical spacing between caps and hole arrays and

• Nova 600 NanoLab XHR Magellan scanning electron microscope (SEM) from FEI generally with energies of 1–5 kV and nominal spot size ≈1 nm. Computer simulations of extinction spectra and charge/field plots analysis were carried out using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD Solutions, Lumerical

• -difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. We show strong coupling of the dipolar and quadrupolar nanocap resonances with the Bloch wave-SPP (BW-SPP) and LSPR type hole array resonances. Experimental Nanostructure design Figure 1a shows a schematic of the design of the plasmonic gold structures fabricated by